Nightmare Zoo in Indonesia Shaken by Giraffe Death

By Trisnadi Marjan

Surabaya, Indonesia - The tigers are emaciated and the 180 pelicans packed so tightly they cannot unfurl their wings without hitting a neighbor. Last week, a giraffe died with a beachball-sized wad of plastic food wrappers in its belly.

That death has focused new attention on the scandalous conditions at Indonesia's largest zoo. Set up nearly a century ago in one the most biologically diverse corners of the planet, it once boasted the most impressive collection in Southeast Asia.

But today the Surabaya Zoo is a nightmare, plagued by uncontrolled breeding, a lack of funding for general animal welfare and even persistent suspicions that members of its own staff are involved in illegal wildlife trafficking.

The rarest species, including Komodo dragons and critically endangered orangutans, sit in dank, unsanitary cages, filling up on peanuts tossed over the fence by giggling visitors.

"This is extremely tragic, but of course by no means surprising in Indonesia's zoos, given the appalling way they are managed on the whole," said Ian Singleton, a former zookeeper who now runs an orangutan conservation program on Sumatra island.

The zoo came under heavy fire two years ago following reports that 25 of its 4,000 animals were dying every month, almost all of them prematurely. They included an African lion, a Sumatran tiger and several crocodiles.

The government appointed an experienced zookeeper, Tony Sumampouw, to clean up the operation and he struggled, with some success, to bring the mortality rate down to about 15 per month.

But following last week's death of the 30-year-old giraffe "Kliwon" — who had for years been eating litter and trash thrown into its pen and was found with a 18-kilogram (40-pound) ball of plastic in its stomach — Sumampouw said he's all but given up.

Nothing short of a "total renovation" is needed, he said.

"We need to either think about privatizing or transferring out some of the animals."

With entrance fees of less than $2, critics say there's not enough money to care for the animals, much less invest in improving the zoo's facilities.

One of the biggest problems is overcrowding.

Whereas most zoos limit the number of animals born in captivity — taking into consideration how many can reasonably be cared for or exchanged with other zoos — the notion of "family planning" has not yet taken off here. Contraceptives are expensive and there are not adequate facilities to separate males and females. As result, species at the Surabaya zoo are bred to excess.

The 180 pelicans are kept in a pen the size of a volleyball court. Nearby, 16 tigers — 12 Sumatran and four Bengalese — are kept in a prison-like row of concrete cages.

One white tiger, whose parents were donated by the Indian government nearly 20 years ago, is now covered by skin lesions.

Let out so rarely, she suffers from back complications that make it difficult to just stand up, let alone walk, zoo curator Sri Pentawati said.

"There are too many tigers," she lamented. "We have a hard time rotating them out to get all the exercise they need."

Rahmat Shah — a well known big-game hunter with a museum in the city of Medan that is filled with rhinos, big cats and other animals he's shot around the world — currently heads Indonesia's National Zoo Association. He says none of the zoos run by the government are in good condition, but that Surabaya is especially troubled, due to a bitter internal rift.

Two men who each claimed to be the zoo's chief were fired several years ago, but their followers among the staff have continued the feud.

Police believe the poisoning death of a Javan warthog in January, found with traces of cyanide in its stomach, was linked to that conflict.

"One side is always trying to discredit the other," said Ludvie Achmad, head of a local conservation agency.

Sumampouw acknowledged he has had little success in controlling the undisciplined staff.

He said he believes some animals, including three young Komodos that disappeared last year, were stolen by caretakers and sold into the exotic pet trade.

Zookeepers also have been accused of taking meat meant for the tigers and selling it in the local market.

Sumatran elephants could be extinct in 30 years

JAKARTA, Indonesia  — The Sumatran elephant could be extinct in the wild within three decades unless immediate steps are taken to slow the breakneck pace of deforestation, environmentalists warned Tuesday.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature recently listed the animals as "critically endangered" after their numbers dropped to between 2,400 and 2,800 from an estimated 5,000 in 1985.

The decline is largely because of destruction of their habitat, with forests all across the Indonesian island of Sumatra being clear-cut for timber, palm oil and pulp and paper plantations.

Sumatra has some of the most significant populations of Asian elephants outside of India and Sri Lanka and is also home to tigers, orangutans and rhinos.

"The Sumatran elephant joins a growing list of Indonesian species that are critically endangered," Carlos Drews of the conservation group WWF said in a statement Tuesday. "Unless urgent and effective conservation action is taken these magnificent animals are likely to go extinct within our lifetime."

Indonesia's endangered elephants sometimes venture into populated areas searching for food and destroy crops or attack humans, making them unpopular with villagers.

Some are shot or poisoned with cyanide-laced fruit, while others are killed by poachers for their ivory.

Monkey Thought to Be Extinct Reappears

Jakarta - A monkey species once thought to be extinct has shown not only is it alive, but living in an unexpected area.

Scientists from Simon Fraser University in Canada tracking Indonesian wildlife instead found images of the primate known as the Miller's Grizzled Langur.  They were surprised by the find, especially since they had no way to compare them outside of sketches. 

"We were all pretty ecstatic, the fact that wow, this monkey still lives, and also that it's in Wehea ," said Ph.D. student Brent Loken.  Loken is one of the lead researchers in the find.

Wehea forest is a nearly 40-thousand rainforest in Borneo, the third-largest island in Indonesia.

The fears the monkeys went extinct were expressed several years ago after a search for them turned up nothing.  The theory was that fires, deforestation, human encroachment, and conversion of the land for agricultural use were responsible.

Loken said the next step is to return to the forest to find out exactly how many of the langurs are still alive.  Although there are more than four-thousand images of the animals, scientists say they may be just one or two families reappearing.

Fish Imitates Octopus That Imitates Fish

Indonesia/California/Gottingen - The infamous mimic octopus, known to impersonate flatfish, lionfish, and sea snakes, now has an imitator of its own.

The jawfish, a tiny fish that surely would be eaten by almost any other animal in the ocean, usually stays close to its burrow ready to retreat from any danger. It was noticed in July of 2011 during a trip to Indonesia by Godehard Kopp of the University of Gottingen (Germany) clinging to the octopus. The fish was imitating an octopus that imitates another fish species. In spite of how close it was to the octopus, the fish seems to be unnoticed.

Kopp sent the video he made about the jawfish to the people who discovered it, Rich Ross and Luiz Rocha of the California Academy of Sciences. Because this behavior has never been documented before they published it in the journal Coral Reefs. They theorize the jawfish “hitches a ride with the octopus for protection, allowing it to venture away from its burrow to look for food—a case of 'opportunistic mimicry.' “

Dr. Rocha said about the discovery "This is a unique case in the reefs not only because the model for the jawfish is a mimic itself, but also because this is the first case of a jawfish involved in mimicry. Unfortunately, reefs in the Coral Triangle area of southeast Asia are rapidly declining mostly due to harmful human activities, and we may lose species involved in unique interactions like this even before we get to know them."