By Genevra Pittman
New York - Getting a legal abortion is much safer than giving birth, suggests a new U.S. study published Monday.
Researchers found that women
were about 14 times more likely to die during or after giving birth to a
live baby than to die from complications of an abortion.
Experts say the findings, though not unexpected, contradict some state laws that suggest abortions are high-risk procedures.
The
message is that getting an abortion and giving birth are both safe,
said Dr. Anne Davis, who studies obstetrics and gynecology at the
Columbia University Medical Center in New York, and wasn't involved in
the new study.
"We wouldn't tell
people, 'Don't have a baby because it's safer to have an abortion' --
that's ridiculous," she told Reuters Health. "We're trying to help women
who are having all reproductive experiences know what to expect."
An
induced abortion -- like any other medical procedure -- requires
getting informed consent from the woman, said Dr. Bryna Harwood, an
ob-gyn from the University of Illinois in Chicago who also didn't
participate in the new research.
That means women understand and acknowledge the risks of their different options.
What
makes it complicated, Harwood added, is when the law interferes and
requires doctors to state information that isn't always balanced or
medically sound -- usually exaggerating the risk of abortion.
The
researchers on the new study combined government data on live births
and pregnancy- and abortion-related deaths with estimates on legal
abortions performed in the U.S. from the Guttmacher Institute, which
conducts sexual and reproductive health research and education.
Dr.
Elizabeth Raymond from Gynuity Health Projects in New York City and Dr.
David Grimes of the University of North Carolina School of Medicine,
Chapel Hill, found that between 1998 and 2005, one woman died during
childbirth for every 11,000 or so babies born.
That compared to one woman of every 167,000 who died from a legal abortion.
The
researchers also cited a study from the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention which found that, from 1998 to 2001, the most common
complications associated with pregnancy -- including high blood
pressure, urinary tract infections and mental health conditions --
happened more often in women who had a live birth than those who got an
abortion.
In their report,
published in the journal Obstetrics & Gynecology, Raymond and Grimes
write that the findings aren't surprising given that women are pregnant
for a lot longer when they decide to have a baby and so have more time
to develop complications.
Harwood said previous studies have also shown the safety of legal abortions.
Most
abortions have typically been done surgically, she told Reuters Health.
But since the abortion drug mifepristone was approved for use in the
United States in 2000, the number of medically-induced abortions has
been on the rise.
Both methods are
now considered equally safe, she said, with the main risk -- though
very small -- coming from medication- and procedure-related infections.
Depending
on the state, however, doctors legally must go over the risks of
abortion in language that may be misleading, researchers said, with
skewed lists of possible complications. Others require a 24-hour waiting
period in between the counseling and the abortion itself.
Harwood
said that laws regarding what's said between the doctor and a woman
seeking an abortion often hamper doctors' attempts to inform patients in
a balanced way.
"It is certainly
an impediment to have the state dictate my informed consent process
beyond the usual," Harwood told Reuters Health.
"Abortion care and pregnancy care should not really be any different than consenting people for any other procedure."
Davis
agreed that state-mandated discussions have no place in abortion
counseling. She said she was glad to see the new report, which helps
dispel "misinformation" and "lies" about abortion risks included in some
state laws -- such as the idea that abortion is linked to cancer.
"Women
who are having abortions are having a safe, common surgical procedure
or taking medication for the same reason," she told Reuters Health.
"They should feel confident that the medical care they're having is safe, long-term and short-term.